Medical experts say little is known about an illness that is caused by blood sucking insects that leaves symptoms similar to that of AIDS.
The parasitic illness, which is called Chagas Disease, is said to have the similarities to the early spread of HIV and it is difficult to detect and can take years for the symptoms to emerge.
According to the New York Times, about 8 million people worldwide currently have the disease and most of the sufferers are in Bolivia, Mexico, Columbia and Central America, but about 30,000 people are living in the U.S.
So far, experts have been able to trace the disease, which is also called Trypanosomiasis, to people in America who are either immigrants or live in poverty stricken areas.
If caught early enough, the disease can be cured with an intense 3-month drug treatment; however, because of the lengthy incubation period, the disease often goes untreated for long period.
When infected bugs bite a person, they leave behind T. cruzi parasites on the skin. The parasites can then enter your body through your eyes, mouth, a cut or scratch, or the wound from the bug’s bite. Scratching or rubbing the bite site helps the parasites enter your body. Once in your body, the parasites multiply and spread.
You may also become infected by:
- Eating uncooked food contaminated with feces from T. cruzi-infected bugs
- Being born to a woman infected with T. cruzi
- Having a blood transfusion containing infected blood
- Getting an organ transplant containing viable T. cruzi
- Working in a laboratory where there’s an accidental exposure to the parasite
- Spending time in a forest that contains infected wild animals, such as raccoons and opossums
- Being with an infected pet.
Chagas disease can be acute or chronic. Symptoms range from mild to severe, although many people don’t experience symptoms until the chronic stage.
Acute phase
The acute phase of Chagas disease, which lasts for weeks or months, may be symptom-free. When signs and symptoms do occur, they are usually mild and may include:
- Swelling at the infection site
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Rash
- Body aches
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea, diarrhea or vomiting
- Swollen glands
- Enlargement of your liver or spleen
Signs and symptoms that develop during the acute phase usually go away on their own. However, if untreated, the infection persists and advances to the chronic phase.
Chronic phase
Signs and symptoms of the chronic phase of Chagas disease may occur 10 to 20 years after initial infection, or they may never occur. In severe cases, however, Chagas disease signs and symptoms may include:
- Irregular heartbeat
- Inflamed, enlarged heart (cardiomyopathy)
- Congestive heart failure
- Sudden cardiac arrest
- Difficulty swallowing due to enlarged esophagus
- Abdominal pain or constipation due to enlarged colon





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